Requirements January 1975 until January 2006

1. Explain the nature and function of the soil. Tell about its texture, structure, need for water, air, organic matter, and the relationship of plants to the soil. Tell how the soil may be improved. Select one soil type from your area. Describe it in relation to the above.

2. Describe how to prepare a seedbed for each of the crops in the options below. Submit a plan for planting an orchard crop. Describe the best type of site for such an orchard.

3. Make and use a germination seed tester to test 50 seeds of four of the following plants: corn, cotton, alfalfa, soybeans, clover, wheat, rice, rye, barley. Determine percent of live seeds.

4. Tell how to propagate plants by seeds, roots, cuttings, tubers, buds, and grafts.

5. Tell about one important insect pest and one important disease that damage each of the following: corn, small grains, cotton, and fruit trees. Collect and name five weeds that damage crops in your locality. Tell how to control these without harming people, wildlife, or useful insects.

6. On a map of the United States indicate the chief regions where the crops listed in the options are produced. Indicate a leading state in production of each crop. Tell how climate and location of these states make them leaders.

7. Tell about three career opportunities in crop production.

8. Complete ONE of the following options:

Corn Option

(a) Grow a plot of corn. Record seed variety or experimental code number.

(b) Have your plot inspected by your counselor. Tell about modern methods of commercial corn farming.

(c) Tell about the contributions corn makes to today's food supply.

Cotton Option

(a) Grow a plot of cotton.

(b) Have your plot inspected by your counselor. Tell about modern methods of commercial cotton farming.

(c) Tell about an insect that causes serious damage. Tell how it affects cotton production. Tell how it is controlled.

(d) Tell how cotton is processed from the field to the finished product.

Forage Crops Option

(a) Collect and mount for display three samples of each: perennial grasses, annual grasses, legumes, and broadleaf weeds. Label each grass and legume, indicating what use is made of it. Label each weed. Tell where each is most likely to be found.

(b) Explain how legumes can be used to enrich the soil. Tell how they may deplete it under certain conditions. Do the same for grasses.

(c) Describe five poisonous plants dangerous to livestock.

(d) Tell the different ways for using forage crops as feed for livestock.

Fruit and Nuts Option

(a) Plant five fruit or nut trees, grapevines, or berry plants.

(b) Take full care of fruit or nut trees, grapevines, or berry plants through one crop season.

(c) Prune a tree, vine, or bush properly. Explain why pruning is necessary.

(d) Demonstrate how a graft is made.

(e) Describe how one fruit, nut, or berry crop is processed for use.

Small Grains Option

(a) Give production figures for the small-grain crops listed in the United States Statistical Report for the latest year available.

(b) Help in harvesting a crop of grain. Tell how to reduce harvesting losses.

(c) Visit a grain elevator, flour mill, cereal plant, feed or seed company. Talk with the operator. Take notes. Describe the processes used.

Oil Crops Option

(a) Grow a plot of soybeans.

(b) Have your plot inspected by your counselor.

(c) Tell about modern methods of soybean growing on a commercial scale.

(d) Tell of the contribution soybeans make to our food supply.

Requirements January 2006 until January 2014

1. Make a drawing and identify five or more parts of a flowering plant. Tell what each part does.

2. Explain photosynthesis and tell why this process is important. Tell at least five ways that humans depend on plants.

3. Explain how water, light, air, temperature, pollinators, and past effect plants. Tell about the texture, structure, and composition of fertile soil. Tell how soil may be improved.

4. Tell how to propagate plants by seeds, roots, cuttings, tubers, and grafting. Grow a plant by ONE of these methods.

5. List by common name at least 10 native plants and 10 cultivated plants that grow near your home. List five invasive non-native plants in your area and tell how they may be harmful. Tell how the spread of invasive plants may be avoided or controlled in ways that are not damaging to humans, wildlife, and the environment.

6. Name and tell about careers in agronomy, horticulture, and botany. Write a paragraph about a career in one of these feels that interest you.

7. Choose ONE of the following options and complete each requirement:

OPTION 1: AGRONOMY

1. Describe how to prepare a seedbed.
2. Make and use a seed germination tester to test 50 seeds of four of the following plants: corn, cotton, alfalfa, soybeans, clover, wheat, rice, rye, barley. Determine the percentage of live seeds.
3. Tell about one important insect pest and one important disease that damage each of the following: corn, small grains, cotton. Collect and name five weeds that compete with crops in your locality. Tell how to control these weeds without harming people, wildlife, or useful insects.
4. On a map of the United States, identify the chief regions where corn, cotton, forage crops, small grain crops, and oil crops grow. Tell how climate and location of these regions make them leaders in the production of these crops.
5. Complete ONE of the following alternatives:
   1. Corn
      1. Grow a plot of corn and have your plot inspected by your counselor. Record seed variety or experimental code number.
      2. Tell about modern methods of commercial corn farming any contributions that corn makes to today’s food and fuel supply.
      3. Tell about an insect that can damage corn and explain how it affects corn production and how it is controlled.
   2. Cotton
      1. Grow a plot of cotton and have your plot inspected by your counselor.
      2. Tell about modern methods of commercial cotton farming, and about the uses of cotton fiber and seed and the economic value of this crop.
      3. Tell about an insect that can damage cotton, and explain how it affects cotton production and how it is controlled.
   3. Forage Crops
      1. Collect, count, and label samples of each for display: perennial grasses, annual grasses, legumes, and broad leafed weeds. Indicate how each grass and legume is used. Tell the kind of site where you found each sample.
      2. Explain how legumes can be used to enrich the soil and how they make depleted under certain conditions. Explain how livestock may enrich or deplete the soil.
      3. Name five poisonous plants that are dangerous to livestock, and tell the different ways of using forage crops as feed for livestock.
   4. Small Grains
      1. Give production figures for small grain crops listed in the U. S. Statistical Report or Agricultural Statistics Handbook for the latest year available.
      2. Help in harvesting a crop of grain. Tell how to reduce harvesting losses and about modern methods of growing one small grain crop.
      3. Visit a grain elevator, flour mill, cereal plant, feed or seed company. Talk with the operator. Take notes, and describe the processes used and tell your patrol, troop, or class about your visit.
   5. Oil Crops
      1. Grow a plot of soybeans and have your plot inspected by your counselor.
      2. Tell about modern methods of growing soybeans on a commercial scale, and discuss the contribution soybeans make to our food supply,
      3. Explain why killing a frost just after emergence is critical for soybeans.

OPTION 2: HORTICULTURE

1. Visit one of the following places and tell what you learned about horticulture there: public card, arboretum, retail nursery, wholesale nursery, production greenhouse, or conservatory greenhouse.
2. Explain the following terms: hardness zone, shade tolerance, pH, moisture requirement, native habitat, texture, cultivar, ultimate size, disease resistance, habitat, evergreen, deciduous, annual, perennial. Find out what hardness zone you live in and list 10 landscape plants you like that are suitable for your climate, giving the common name and scientific name for each.
3. Do ONE of the following:
   1. Explain the difference between vegetative and sexual propagation methods, and tell some horticultural advantages of each. Grow a plant from a stem or root cutting or graph.
   2. Transplant 12 seedlings or rooted cuttings to larger containers and grow them for at least one month.
   3. Demonstrate good pruning techniques and tell why pruning is important.
   4. After obtaining permission, plant a tree or shrub properly in an appropriate site.
4. Do EACH of the following:
   1. Explain the importance of good landscape design and selection of plants that are suitable for particular sites and conditions.
   2. Tell why it is important to know how big a plant will grow.
   3. Tell why slower-growing landscape plants are sometimes a better choice than faster-growing varieties.
5. Choose ONE of the following alternatives and complete EACH of the requirements:
   1. Betting Plants
      1. Grow betting plants appropriate for your area and plots or flats from seed or cuttings in a manufactured soil mix. Explain why you choose the mix until what is in it.
      2. Transplant plants to a bed in the landscape and maintain the bed until the end of the growing season. Record your activities, observations, materials used, and cost.
      3. Demonstrate mulching, fertilizing, watering, weeding, and deadheading, and tell how each practice helps your plants.
      4. Tell some differences between gardening with annuals and perennials.
   2. Fruit, Berry, and Nut Crops
      1. Plant five fruit or nut trees, grapevines, or berry plants that are suited to your area. Take full care of fruit or nut trees, grapevines, or berry plants through one season.
      2. Prune a tree, vine, or shrub properly. Explain why pruning is necessary.
      3. Demonstrate one type of graft and tell why this method is useful.
      4. Describe how one fruit, nut, or berry crop is processed for use.
   3. Woody Ornamentals
      1. Plant five or more trees or shrubs in a landscape setting. Take full care of the trees or shrubs you have planted for one growing season.
      2. Prune a tree or shrub properly. Explain why pruning is necessary.
      3. List 10 trees (in addition to those listed in general requirement 5 above) and tell your counselor how each is used in landscape. Give the common and discoveries. Scientific names.
      4. Describes the size, texture, color, flowers, leaves, fruit, hardness, cultural requirements, and any special characteristics that make each type of tree or shrub attractive or interesting.
      5. Tell five ways trees help improve the quality of our environment.
   4. Home Gardening
      1. Design and plant a garden or landscape that is at least 10 by 10 feet.
      2. Plant 10 or more different types of plants in your garden. Tell why you selected particular varieties of vegetables and flowers. Take care of the plants in your garden for one season.
      3. Demonstrate soil preparation, staking, watering, weeding, mulching, composting, fertilizing, pest management, and pruning. Tell why each technique is used.
      4. Tell for types of things you would provide to make your home landscape or Park a better place for birds and wildlife. List the common and scientific names of 10 kinds of native plants that are beneficial to the birds and wildlife in your area.

OPTION 2: FIELD BOTANY

1. Visit a park, forest, or other natural area near your home. While you are there:
   1. Determine which species of plants are the largest and which are the most abundant. Know whether they cast shade on other plants.
   2. Record environmental factors that may influence the presence of plants in your site, including latitude, climate, air and soil temperature, soil type and pH, geology, hydrology, and topography.
   3. Record any differences in the types of plants you see at the edge of a forest, near water, in burned areas, or near a road or railroad.
2. Select a study site that is at least 100 by 100 feet. Make a list of the plants in the study site by groups of plants: canopy trees, small trees, shrubs, herbaceous wildflowers and grasses, vines, ferns, mosses, algae, fungi, lichens. Find out which of these are native plants and which are exotic (or non-native).
3. Tell how an identification Keyworks and use a sample key to identify 10 kinds of plants (in addition to those in general requirement 5 above). Tell the difference between common and scientific names and tell why scientific names are important.
4. After gaining permission, collect, identify, press, mount, and label 10 different plants that are common in your area. Tell why voucher specimens are important for documentation of a field botanist’s discoveries.
5. Obtain a list of rare plants in your state. Tell what is being done to protect rare plants and natural areas in your state. Write a paragraph about one of the rare plants in your state.
6. Choose ONE of the following alternatives and complete EACH of its requirements:
   1. Tree Inventory
      1. Identify the trees of your neighborhood or a park or section of your town.
      2. List the types of trees by scientific name and give common names. Note the number and size (diameter at 4 feet above ground) of trees observed and determine the largest of each species in your study area.
      3. Lead a walk to teach others about trees and their value, OR write and distribute materials that will help others learn about trees.
   2. Transect Study
      1. Visit two sites, at least one of which is different from the one you visited for Field Botany requirement 1.
      2. Use the transect method to study the two different kinds of plant communities. The transects should be at least 500 feet long.
      3. At each site, record observations about the soil and other influencing factors AND do the following. Then make a graph or chart to show the results of your studies.
         1. Identify each tree within 10 feet of the transect line.
         2. Measure the diameter of each tree at 4 feet above the ground, and map and list each tree.
   3. Nested Plot
      1. Visit two sites, at least one of which is different from the one you visited for Field botany requirement 1.
      2. Mark off nested plots and inventory two different kinds of plant communities.
      3. At each site, record observations about the soil and other influencing factors and do the following. Then make a graph or chart to show the results of your studies.
         1. Identify, measure, and map each tree in a 100 by 100 foot plot. (Measure the diameter of each tree at 4 feet above the ground.)
         2. Identify and map all trees and shrubs in a 10 by 10 foot plot within each of the larger areas.
         3. Identify and map all plants (wild flowers, ferns, grasses, mosses, etc.) Of a 4 by 4 foot plot within the 10 by 10 foot plot.
   4. Herbarium Visit
      1. Right ahead and arrange to visit and herbarium at a university, park, or botanical garden; OR, visit an herbarium web site (with your parent’s permission).
      2. Tell how the specimens are arranged and how they are used by researchers. If possible, observe voucher specimens of a plant that is rare in your state.
      3. Tell how a voucher specimen is mounted and prepared for permanent storage. Tell how specimens should be handled so that they will not be damaged.
      4. Tell about the tools and references used by botanists in an herbarium.
   5. Plant conservation Organization Visit
      1. Right ahead and arrange to visit a private conservation organization or government agency that is concerned with protecting rare plants and natural areas.
      2. Tell about the activities of the organization in studying and protecting rare plants and natural areas.
      3. If possible, visit a nature preserve managed by an organization. Tell about land management activities such as controlled burning, or measures to eradicate invasive (non-native) plants or other threats to the plants that are native to the area.